Code Black Military - The Code of the US Armed Forces is a code of conduct that is the ethical guide of the United States Department of Defense and consists of six articles of instruction for members of the United States Armed Forces, where they discuss how they should conduct themselves in combat in order to avoid capture. , fighting in captivity or fleeing from the enemy. It is considered an integral part of US military doctrine and tradition, but is not formal military law in the manner of uniform codes of military justice or civilian international law such as the Geneva Conventions.
The early history of military regulations was established by Abraham Lincoln who signed the Liber Code in 1863.
Code Black Military
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During the Korean War in the early 1950s, Chinese and North Korean forces captured American soldiers as prisoners of war. As in previous American wars, these American prisoners faced harsh POW warfare. It was the first American war in which American prisoners of war were taken. The enemy sees more than the other side's soldiers who are temporarily prevented from fighting. POW camps attempted to control the minds of US prisoners. Communist North Korea and China did not hesitate to use brutal and bloody torture as a terrifying tool in their efforts to exploit American POWs to make public statements favorable to the Communist war effort. For American prisoners, brutal torture, lack of food, lack of medical care, and inhumane treatment became a daily routine, and many of them found that their training did not prepare them for this new battlefield.
Although collaborating with Amy was nothing new, the results made the U.S. The morale and survivability of POWs suffered greatly. During the Korean War and then the Vietnam War. Before the Korean War, American prisoners of war were subjected to inhumane and brutal treatment but the enemy did not take responsibility for breaking the chain of command within the ranks of the prisoners. When the Communists succeeded in breaking this hierarchy, the atmosphere of mistrust among the prisoners became the norm rather than the exception. Morale drops and mutual aid among prisoners decreases. Captives' failure to care for their fellow prisoners resulted in high death rates and made captives more receptive to the teachings of their captors.
One of the most elaborate propaganda efforts was the 1952 POW Olympics, held in Pyuktong, North Korea. For 12 days in November, Britain, South Korea, Australia, Turkey and the US About 500 prison players from Compete against other camps in events that mirror the global Olympics, such as baseball, boxing, and track and field. The effort was publicized to show the world how well UN prisoners are treated. Of course, this is not reality. Very few American services are fully equipped to protect themselves from such barbaric behavior and attempts at propensity. Through inhumane treatment and manipulation, many prisoners were forced to cooperate with the Communists.
After the end of hostilities in Korea and the subsequent release of American prisoners of war, twenty-one Americans chose to remain in China, refusing to return home. Many former US prisoners who returned to their homeland were criminally charged and tried for "treason, surrender to the enemy, mistreatment of fellow prisoners of war, and similar crimes." The exposure of graphic details of the inhumane treatment of US prisoners of war evoked public sentiment and compassion. Appeared in Communist prisons during the trial. A public debate began over the issue of what should be done about Americans who had been "brainwashed" in Korea and what should be done about those who might receive similar bloody treatment in future wars.
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On August 7, 1954, the United States Secretary of Defense ordered that a committee be established to recommend an appropriate approach to a comprehensive study of issues related to tire Korean War POW experience. As a result of the committee's work, the Defense Advisory Committee on Armistice was appointed on May 17, 1955, chaired by Carter L. Burgess was the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Personnel. The committee noted the ongoing divisive debate, noting that while all services had regulations governing the conduct of prisoners of war, "the armed forces of the United States have never had a clearly defined code of conduct that applies to American prisoners of war after capture."
Colonel Franklin Brooke Nihart, USMC, working at Marine Corps headquarters in the summer of 1955, outlined his ideas and on August 17, 1955, President Dwight D. Eshower issued Executive Order 10631 establishing the Code of Conduct. , "Each member of the armed forces of the United States is expected to meet the standards contained in the Code of Conduct while in combat or in captivity." It has been amended twice—once in 1977 by President Jimmy Carter in Executive Order 12017, and more recently in March 1988 by President Ronald Reagan in Executive Order 12633, which added more neutrality to the code.
Notably, the code forbade surrender unless "all reasonable means of resistance had been exhausted and...certain death was the only option," as long as captured Americans were ordered to "resist by all available means" and "make every effort to escape." had done Help others." The code also outlines appropriate behavior for American POWs, affirming that POWs under the Geva Convention must give their "name, rank, service number and date of birth" and that military personnel caught under interrogation must "refrain from answering further questions. to the best of [their] ability."
In 2020, the Army and Marine Corps issued "Clarified Explanations and Guidance for Article 429 of the Geva Conventions."
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Executive Order 10631: Code of Conduct for Members of the United States Armed Forces[edit]
The first three paragraphs of Executive Order 10631 outline the authority to assign codes of conduct, communications, and responsibilities.
By virtue of my authority as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, I hereby establish the Code of Conduct for Members of the Armed Forces of the United States which is attached to and made a part of this Order. All members of the United States Armed Forces are expected to meet the standards contained in this Code of Conduct while in combat or in custody. To ensure the attainment of these standards, members of the armed forces responsible for capture shall be given specific training and instruction designed to better equip them to withstand and resist all enemy attempts against them and shall be fully instructed in the conduct and duties expected of them. Among them in battle or captivity. The Secretary of Defense (and with respect to the Coast Guard the Secretary of Transportation when acting as part of the Navy) shall take such action as may be deemed necessary to implement this order and to disseminate and communicate the Code. Armed Forces of the United States.[5] Code of Conduct Articles[edit]
The Code of Conduct provides guidance for the conduct and actions of members of the United States Armed Forces. This guidance applies not only on the battlefield, but also when a service member is captured and becomes a prisoner of war (POW). This code is organized in six articles.
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Article I: I am an American, fighting in the military to defend my country and our way of life. I am ready to give my life to save them.[5] Article II: I will never surrender to my own will. If ordered, I will never surrender as long as my commandos have the strength to resist.[5] Article III: If I am arrested, I will continue to resist by all available means. I will do my best to escape and help others to escape. I will not receive parole or special favors from emy.[5] Article IV: If I become a prisoner of war, I will trust my fellow prisoners. I will not give information or participate in any action that will harm my friends. If I become a Sardar, I will take command. If not, I will follow the lawful orders of those assigned to me and support them in everything.[5] Section V: Question to whom, if I am a prisoner of war, I must give my name, rank, service number and date of birth. I will refrain from answering the following questions to the best of my ability. i will
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